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MBE Advance Access published online on June 26, 2009
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msp127
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© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Letter

CGIN1: a retroviral contribution to mammalian genomes

Antonio Marco1 and Ignacio Marín2,*

1 Center for Evolutionary Functional Genomics. The Biodesign Institute. Arizona State University. U.S.A
2 Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IBV-CSIC). Spain

* Corresponding author: Ignacio Marín, Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia (IBV-CSIC), Calle Jaime Roig, 11, Valencia 46010, Spain, Tel. - (34) 96-3393770, FAX - (34) 96-3690800, E-mail: imarin{at}ibv.csic.es

Received for publication April 6, 2009. Revision received June 10, 2009. Accepted for publication June 20, 2009.

This study describes the origin and structural features of a mammalian gene, CGIN1 (Cousin of GIN1). CGIN1 proteins contain a NYN domain, retroviral RNase H and integrase domains and a domain of unknown function (CGIN1 domain) which is also present in two other genes (N4BP1 and KIAA0323). We suggest that CGIN1 derives from the fusion of a KIAA0323-like gene with retroviral sequences, which occurred prior to the marsupial/eutherian split. Sequence and structural analyses indicate that the CGIN1 integrase domain is inactive, but still retains the three-dimensional folding observed in retroviral integrases. We hypothesize that CGIN1 may contribute to retroviral resistance in mammals by regulating the ubiquitination of viral proteins.

Key Words: retrovirus • integrase • cooption • viral resistance


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