MBE Advance Access first published online on June 12, 2008
This version published online on June 12, 2008
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msn133
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Research Article |
Genome Evolution of Wolbachia Strain wPip from the Culex pipiens Group
1 Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research and Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road. Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
2 Pathogen Sequencing Unit, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
3 Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA
4 School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia
* corresponding author SPS steven.sinkins{at}zoo.ox.ac.uk. tel. +44 (0)1865 281047 fax +44 (0)1865 281275
Received for publication April 1, 2008. Revision received May 30, 2008. Revision received June 6, 2008. Accepted for publication June 7, 2008.
The obligate intracellular bacterium Wolbachia pipientis strain wPip induces cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), patterns of crossing sterility, in the Culex pipiens group of mosquitoes. The complete sequence is presented of the 1.48 Mbp genome of wPip which encodes 1386 CDS, representing the first genome sequence of a B-supergroup Wolbachia. Comparisons were made with the smaller genomes of Wolbachia strains wMel of Drosophila melanogaster, an A-supergroup Wolbachia that is also a CI-inducer, and wBm, a mutualist of Brugia malayi nematodes that belongs to the D-supergroup of Wolbachia. Despite extensive gene order re-arrangement, a core set of Wolbachia genes shared between the three genomes can be identified and contrasts with a flexible gene pool where rapid evolution has taken place. There are much more extensive prophage and ankyrin repeat encoding (ANK) gene components of the wPip genome compared to wMel and wBm, and both are likely to be of considerable importance in wPip biology. Five WO-B-like prophage regions are present and contain some genes that are identical or highly similar in multiple prophage copies, while other genes are unique, and it is likely that extensive recombination, duplication and insertion has occurred between copies. A much larger number of genes encode ankyrin repeat (ANK) proteins in wPip, with 60 present compared to 23 in wMel, many of which are within or close to the prophage regions. It is likely that this pattern is partly a result of expansions in the wPip lineage, due for example to gene duplication, but their presence is in some cases more ancient. The wPip genome underlines the considerable evolutionary flexibility of Wolbachia, providing clear evidence for the rapid evolution of ANK-encoding genes and of prophage regions. This host-Wolbachia system, with its complex patterns of sterility induced between populations, now provides an excellent model for unravelling the molecular systems underlying host reproductive manipulation.
Key Words: endosymbiont • Wolbachia • mosquito • cytoplasmic incompatibility • prophage • ankyrin
CiteULike 
Connotea 
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  K. Tanaka, S. Furukawa, N. Nikoh, T. Sasaki, and T. Fukatsu Complete WO Phage Sequences Reveal Their Dynamic Evolutionary Trajectories and Putative Functional Elements Required for Integration into the Wolbachia Genome Appl. Envir. Microbiol., September 1, 2009; 75(17): 5676 - 5686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 N. Ishmael, J. C. D. Hotopp, P. Ioannidis, S. Biber, J. Sakamoto, S. Siozios, V. Nene, J. Werren, K. Bourtzis, S. R. Bordenstein, et al. Extensive genomic diversity of closely related Wolbachia strains Microbiology, July 1, 2009; 155(7): 2211 - 2222. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. J.G. Ettema and S. G.E. Andersson The {alpha}-proteobacteria: the Darwin finches of the bacterial world Biol Lett, June 23, 2009; 5(3): 429 - 432. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 P. H. Degnan, Y. Yu, N. Sisneros, R. A. Wing, and N. A. Moran Hamiltonella defensa, genome evolution of protective bacterial endosymbiont from pathogenic ancestors PNAS, June 2, 2009; 106(22): 9063 - 9068. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Klasson, J. Westberg, P. Sapountzis, K. Naslund, Y. Lutnaes, A. C. Darby, Z. Veneti, L. Chen, H. R. Braig, R. Garrett, et al. The mosaic genome structure of the Wolbachia wRi strain infecting Drosophila simulans PNAS, April 7, 2009; 106(14): 5725 - 5730. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. L. Salzberg, D. Puiu, D. D. Sommer, V. Nene, and N. H. Lee Genome Sequence of the Wolbachia Endosymbiont of Culex quinquefasciatus JHB J. Bacteriol., March 1, 2009; 191(5): 1725 - 1725. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Woolfit, I. Iturbe-Ormaetxe, E. A. McGraw, and S. L. O'Neill An Ancient Horizontal Gene Transfer between Mosquito and the Endosymbiotic Bacterium Wolbachia pipientis Mol. Biol. Evol., February 1, 2009; 26(2): 367 - 374. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. R. Bordenstein, C. Paraskevopoulos, J. C. Dunning Hotopp, P. Sapountzis, N. Lo, C. Bandi, H. Tettelin, J. H. Werren, and K. Bourtzis Parasitism and Mutualism in Wolbachia: What the Phylogenomic Trees Can and Cannot Say Mol. Biol. Evol., January 1, 2009; 26(1): 231 - 241. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|