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MBE Advance Access published online on January 24, 2008
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msm225
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© The Author 2008. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Research Article

Native South American Genetic Structure and Prehistory Inferred from Hierarchical Modeling of mtDNA

Cecil M. Lewis, Jr{dagger},{ddagger} and Jeffrey C. Long§

Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, 4909 Buhl Building, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0618

§ Please Address Correspondence to: Jeffrey C. Long, PhD Professor, Department of Human Genetics & Center for Statistical Geneticsm, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0618, Voice (734) 763-3385, Fax (734) 763-3784, email longjc{at}umich.edu

Received for publication May 16, 2007. Revision received October 2, 2007. Accepted for publication October 4, 2007.

Genetic diversity in Native South Americans forms a complex pattern at both the continental and local levels. In comparing the West to the East, there is more variation within groups and smaller genetic distances between groups. From this pattern, researchers have proposed that that there is more variation in the West, and that a larger, more genetically diverse, founding population entered the West than the East. Here, we question this characterization of South American genetic variation, and its interpretation. Our concern arises because others have inferred regional variation from the mean variation within local populations without taking into account the variation among local populations within the same region. This failure produces a biased view of the actual variation in the East.

Key Words: identity by descent • site frequency spectrum • population structure

{dagger} Supported by T32-HG-00040

{ddagger} Current Address: Department of Anthropology, The University of Oklahoma, Dale Hall Tower 521, Norman, Ok 73019


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