MBE Advance Access published online on February 28, 2007
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msm036
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© 2007 The Authors
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Research Article |
Gene Relocations within Chloroplast Genomes of Jasminum and Menodora (Oleaceae) are Due to Multiple, Overlapping Inversions
* School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
Section of Integrative Biology and Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas, Austin 78712, USA
1 Corresponding author: E-mail: kimkj{at}korea.ac.kr
Received for publication July 25, 2006. Revision received December 10, 2006. Revision received February 2, 2007. Accepted for publication February 18, 2007.
The chloroplast DNA sequence of Jasminum nudiflorm (Oleaceae-Jasmineae) is completed and compared with the large single copy region sequences from six related species. Chloroplast genomes of the tribe Jasmineae (Jasminum and Menodora) show several distinctive rearrangements, including inversions, gene duplications, insertions, inverted repeat expansions, and gene and intron losses. The ycf4-psaI region in Jasminum section Primulina was relocated as a result of two overlapping inversions of 21,169 and 18,414 bp. The first, larger inversion is shared by all members of the Jasmineae indicating that it occurred in the common ancestor of the tribe. Similar rearrangements were also identified in the chloroplast genome of Menodora. In this case, two fragments including ycf4 and rps4-trnS-ycf3 genes were moved by two additional inversions of 14 kb and 59 kb that are unique to Menodora. Other rearrangements in the Oleaceae are confined to certain regions of the Jasminum and Menodora chloroplast genomes, including the presence of highly repeated sequences and duplications of coding and non-coding sequences that are inserted into clpP and between rbcL and psaI. These insertions are correlated with the loss of two introns in clpP, and a serial loss of segments of accD. The loss of the accD gene and clpP introns in both the monocot family Poaceae and the eudicot family Oleaceae are clearly independent evolutionary events. However, their genome organization is surprisingly similar despite the distant relationship of these two angiosperm families.
Key Words: chloroplast genome • inversions • gene duplications • insertions • inverted repeat expansions • gene and intron losses • Jasminum • Menodora