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MBE Advance Access published online on December 16, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msl200
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Research Article

Phylogenetic Analyses of Nuclear, Mitochondrial and Plastid Multi-Gene Datasets Support the Placement of Mesostigma in the Streptophyta

Naiara Rodríguez-Ezpeleta*,1, Hervé Philippe*,1,2, Henner Brinkmann*, Burkhard Becker{dagger} and Michael Melkonian{dagger},2

* Départment de Biochimie, Centre Robert Cedergren, Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Université de Montréal
{dagger} Botanisches Institut, Lehrstuhl I, Universität zu Köln

2 Corresponding authors: herve.philippe{at}umontreal.ca; michael.melkonian{at}uni-koeln.de

Accepted for publication December 12, 2006.

All extant green plants belong to one of two major lineages, commonly known as the Chlorophyta (most of the green algae) and the Streptophyta (land plants and their closest green algal relatives). The scaly green flagellate Mesostigma viride has an important place in the debate on the origin of green plants. However, there have been conflicting results from molecular systematics as to whether Mesostigma diverges before the Chlorophyta/Streptophyta split or is an early diverging flagellate member of the Streptophyta. Previous studies employed either a limited taxon sampling (plastid and mitochondrial genomes) or a small number of phylogenetically informative sites (single nuclear genes). Here, we use large datasets from the nuclear (125 proteins; 29,319 positions), mitochondrial (33 proteins; 6,622 positions), and plastid (50 proteins; 10,137 positions) genomes with an expanded taxon sampling (21, 13, and 28 species, respectively) to reevaluate the phylogenetic position of Mesostigma. Our study supports the placement of Mesostigma in the Streptophyta (as an early diverging lineage) and provides evidence that systematic biases have played a role in generating some of the previous conflicting results. Importantly, we demonstrate that using an increased taxon sampling as well as more realistic models of evolution allows increasing congruence among the nuclear, mitochondrial and plastid dataset.

Key Words: Mesostigma • Chlorokybus • phylogenomics • taxon sampling • systematic error • heterotachy


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