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MBE Advance Access published online on December 14, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msl198
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Research Article

The Mitochondrial Genome of the Moss Physcomitrella patens Sheds New Light on Mitochondrial Evolution in Land Plants

Kimihiro Terasawa*, Masaki Odahara{dagger}, Yukihiro Kabeya*,{ddagger}, Tatsuhiko Kikugawa*, Yasuhiko Sekine{dagger}, Makoto Fujiwara* and Naoki Sato*

* Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
{dagger} Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, 171-8501 Japan
{ddagger} Center for Gene Research, Nagoya University, Furocho, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602 Japan

Corresponding author: Naoki Sato, Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, University of Tokyo, Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan. Tel: (+81)-3-5454-6631, Fax: (+81)-3-5454-6998 (shared Fax), E-mail: naokisat{at}bio.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Accepted for publication December 11, 2006.

The phylogenetic positions of bryophytes and charophytes, together with their genome features, are important for understanding early land plant evolution. Here we report the complete nucleotide sequence (105,340 bp) of the circular-mapping mitochondrial DNA of the moss Physcomitrella patens. Available evidence suggests that the multipartite structure of the mitochondrial genome in flowering plants does not occur in Physcomitrella. It contains genes for three rRNAs (rnl, rns, and rrn5), 24 tRNAs, and 42 conserved mitochondrial proteins (14 ribosomal proteins, four ccm proteins, nine NADH dehydrogenase subunits, five ATPase subunits, two succinate dehydrogenase subunits, apocytochrome b, three cytochrome oxidase subunits, and four other proteins). We estimate that five tRNA genes are missing that might be encoded by the nuclear genome. The overall mitochondrial genome structure is similar in Physcomitrella, Chara vulgaris, Chaetosphaeridium globosum, and Marchantia polymorpha, with easily identifiable inversions and translocations. Significant synteny with angiosperm and chlorophyte mitochondrial genomes was not detected. Phylogenetic analysis of 18 conserved proteins suggests that the moss-liverwort clade is sister to angiosperms, which is consistent with a previous analysis of chloroplast genes but is not consistent with some analyses using mitochondrial sequences. In Physcomitrella, 27 introns are present within 16 genes. Nine of its intron positions are shared with angiosperms and four with Marchantia, which in turn shares only one intron position with angiosperms. The phylogenetic analysis as well as the syntenic structure suggest that the mitochondrial genomes of Physcomitrella and Marchantia retain prototype features among land plant mitochondrial genomes.

Key Words: bryophyte evolution • genome rearrangement • introns • mitochondrial genome • plant phylogeny


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