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MBE Advance Access published online on October 19, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msl154
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Accepted October 17, 2006

Letter

Mitochondrial Diversity of Early Branching Metazoa is Revealed by the Complete mt Genome of a Haplosclerid Demosponge

D. Erpenbeck 1, O. Voigt 2, M. Adamski 3, M. Adamska 3, J. N. A. Hooper 4, G. Wörheide 2, and B. M. Degnan 3 *

1 School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia; Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Dept. of Geobiology, Geoscience Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
2 Dept. of Geobiology, Geoscience Centre Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
3 School of Integrative Biology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
4 Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
B. M. Degnan, E-mail: b.degnan{at}uq.edu.au


  Abstract

The first mitochondrial genomes of demosponges have recently been sequenced and appear to be markedly different from published eumetazoan mitochondrial genomes. Here we show that the mitochondrial genome of the haplosclerid demosponge Amphimedon queenslandica has features that it shares with both demosponges and eumetazoans. While the A. queenslandica mitochondrial genome has typical demosponge features, including size, long non-coding regions and bacterial-like rRNA genes, it lacks atp9, which is found in the other demosponges sequenced to date. We found strong evidence of a recent transposon mediated transfer of atp9 to the nuclear genome. In addition, A. queenslandica bears an incomplete tRNA set, unusual amino amino acid deletion patterns, and a putative control region. Furthermore, the arrangement of mitochondrial rRNA genes differs from that of other demosponges. These genes evolve at significantly higher rates than observed in other demosponges, similar to previously observed nuclear rRNA gene rates in other haplosclerid demosponges.

Keywords: Porifera; sponges; Demospongiae; mitochondrial genome; Metazoa; Amphimedon queenslandica.
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