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MBE Advance Access published online on September 29, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msl135
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Accepted September 25, 2006

Research Article

Vector Competence of Glossina palpalis gambiensis for Trypanosoma brucei s.l. and Genetic Diversity of the Symbiont Sodalis glossinidius

Anne Geiger 1 *, Sophie Ravel 1, Thierry Mateille 2, Jérome Janelle 1, Delphine Patrel 1, Gérard Cuny 1, and Roger Frutos 1

1 UMR 17, IRD-CIRAD, CIRAD TA 207 / G, Campus International de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5 (France)
2 IRD, UMR Biologie et Gestion des Populations, CBGP, Campus International de Baillarguet, CS 30016, 34988 Montferrier-sur-Lez Cedex (France)

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Anne Geiger, E-mail: anne.geiger{at}mpl.ird.fr


  Abstract

Tsetse flies transmit African trypanosomes, responsible for sleeping sickness in humans and Nagana in animals. This disease affects many people with considerable impact on public health and economy in sub-Saharan Africa, while trypanosomes resistance to drugs is rising. The symbiont Sodalis glossinidius is considered to play a role in the ability of the fly to acquire trypanosomes. Different species of Glossina were shown to harbour genetically distinct populations of S. glossinidius. We therefore investigated whether vector competence for a given trypanosome species could be linked to the presence of specific genotypes of S. glossinidius.

Glossina palpalis gambiensis individuals were fed on blood infected either with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The genetic diversity of S. glossinidius strains isolated from infected and non-infected dissected flies was investigated using AFLP markers. Correspondence between occurrence of these markers and parasite establishment was analysed using multivariate analysis.

S. glossinidius strains isolated from T. brucei gambiense-infected flies clustered differently than that isolated from T. brucei brucei-infected individuals. The ability of T. brucei gambiense and T. brucei brucei to establish in G. palpalis gambiensis insect midgut is statistically linked to the presence of specific genotypes of S. glossinidius. This could explain variations in Glossina vector competence in the wild. Then, assessment of the prevalence of specific S. glossinidius genotypes could lead to novel risk-management strategies.

Keywords: Sodalis glossinidius; Trypanosoma brucei; Glossina palpalis; AFLP; genetic diversity; vector competence; sleeping sickness.
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