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MBE Advance Access published online on August 3, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msl077
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Accepted July 24, 2006

Research Article

Genome Sequence Comparison Reveals Independent Inactivation of the caspase-15 Gene in Different Evolutionary Lineages of Mammals

Leopold Eckhart 1 *, Aumaid Uthman 1, Wolfgang Sipos 2, and Erwin Tschachler 1

1 Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna A-1090, Austria
2 Clinical Department for Farm Animals and Herd Management, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna A-1210, Austria

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Leopold Eckhart, E-mail: leopold.eckhart{at}meduniwien.ac.at


  Abstract

We have recently demonstrated that placental mammalian species such as pig and dog express a novel pro-apoptotic protease, caspase-15, whereas mouse and humans lack this enzyme. Here we investigated the evolutionary fate of the caspase-15 gene in different mammalian lineages by analyzing whole genome shotgun sequences of thirty mammalian species for the presence of caspase-15 orthologs. Caspase-15 gene sequences were found in representatives of all major mammalian clades except for the superorders Afrotheria (tenrec, rock hyrax, and elephant) and Euarchontoglires (rodents, rabbit, tree shrew, and primates), which either lacked any caspase-15-like sequences or contained mutated remnants of the caspase-15 gene. PCR screenings confirmed the results of the database searches and showed that the caspase-15 gene is expressed not only in various placental mammals but also in the marsupial, Monodelphis domestica. The observed species distribution implies that caspase-15 has originated in an early ancestor of modern mammals and has been conserved, over more than 180 million years, in marsupials and many placental mammals, whereas it was independently lost in two phylogenetically distant clades of placental mammals, i.e. Afrotheria and Euarchontoglires. Our data suggest that the inactivation of the caspase-15 gene was not counteracted by, and may even have been driven by, evolutionary constraints in these clades, and therefore caution against the uncritical use of gene absence for the inference of phylogenetic relationships.

Keywords: caspase; gene deletion; Euarchontoglires; Afrotheria.
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L. Eckhart, C. Ballaun, M. Hermann, J. L. VandeBerg, W. Sipos, A. Uthman, H. Fischer, and E. Tschachler
Identification of Novel Mammalian Caspases Reveals an Important Role of Gene Loss in Shaping the Human Caspase Repertoire
Mol. Biol. Evol., May 1, 2008; 25(5): 831 - 841.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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