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MBE Advance Access published online on July 20, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msl064
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Published by Oxford University Press 2006.
Accepted July 16, 2006

Research Article

Mutation-Biased Adaptation in a Protein NK Model

Arlin Stoltzfus 1 *

1 Center for Advanced Research in Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Arlin Stoltzfus, E-mail: arlin.stoltzfus{at}nist.gov


  Abstract

Evolutionary trends responsible for systematic differences in genome and proteome composition have been attributed to GC:AT mutation bias in the context of neutral evolution, or to selection acting on genome composition. A possibility that has been ignored, presumably because it is part of neither the Modern Synthesis nor the Neutral Theory, is that mutation may impose a directional bias on adaptation. This possibility is explored here with simulations of the effect of a GC:AT bias on amino acid composition during adaptive walks on an abstract protein fitness landscape called an "NK" model. The results indicate that adaptation does not preclude mutation-biased evolution. In the complete absence of neutral evolution, a modest GC:AT bias of realistic magnitude can displace the trajectory of adaptation in a mutationally favored direction, to such a degree that amino acid composition is biased substantially and persistently. Thus, mutational explanations for evolved patterns need not presuppose neutral evolution.

Keywords: Mutation bias; GC-content; NK model; simulation; adaptive evolution; adaptive walk.
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