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MBE Advance Access published online on April 28, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msl001
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Accepted April 19, 2006

Letter

Evolution of the Isd11/IscS Complex Reveals a Single {alpha}-Proteobacterial Endosymbiosis for All Eukaryotes

Thomas A. Richards 1 and Mark van der Giezen 2 *

1 School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QG, UK
2 School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary, University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mark van der Giezen, E-mail: m.vandergiezen{at}qmul.ac.uk


  Abstract

Giardia and Trichomonas are eukaryotes without standard mitochondria but contain mitochondrial-type {alpha}-proteobacterium-derived iron-sulfur cluster (ISC) assembly proteins, located to mitosomes in Giardia and hydrogenosomes in Trichomonas. Although these data suggest a single common endosymbiotic ancestry for mitochondria, mitosomes and hydrogenosomes, separate origins are still being proposed. Here, we present a bioinformatic analysis of Isd11, a recently described essential component of the mitochondrial ISC assembly pathway. Isd11 is unique to eukaryotes but functions closely with the {alpha}-proteobacterium-derived cysteine desulfurase IscS. We demonstrate the presence of homologues of Isd11 in all five eukaryotic supergroups sampled, including hydrogenosomal and mitosomal lineages. The eukaryotic invention of Isd11 as a functional partner to IscS, directly implies a single shared {alpha}-proteobacterial endosymbiotic ancestry for all eukaryotes. This pinpoints the {alpha}-proteobacterial endosymbiosis to before the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes without ambiguity.

Keywords: mitochondria; mitosome; hydrogenosome; iron sulfur cluster; origin of the eukaryotic cell.
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