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MBE Advance Access published online on March 20, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msk006
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Accepted March 16, 2006

Research Article

A Unique Recent Origin of the Allotetraploid Species Arabidopsis suecica: Evidence from Nuclear DNA Markers

Mattias Jakobsson 1 *, Jenny Hagenblad 2, Simon Tavaré 3, Torbjörn Säll 4, Christer Halldén 5, Christina Lind-Halldén 6, and Magnus Nordborg 7

1 Bioinformatics Program, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan; Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Genetics, Lund University
2 Department of Biology, Linköping University
3 Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California; Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge
4 Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Genetics, Lund University
5 Department of Clinical Chemistry, Malmö University Hospital
6 Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Kristianstad University
7 Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mattias Jakobsson, E-mail: mjakob{at}umich.edu


  Abstract

A coalescent-based method was used to investigate the origins of the allotetraploid Arabidopsis suecica, using 52 nuclear microsatellite loci typed in 8 individuals of A. suecica and 14 individuals of its maternal parent A. thaliana, and four short fragments of genomic DNA sequenced in a sample of four individuals of A. suecica and in both its parental species A. thaliana and A. arenosa. All loci were variable in A. thaliana but only 24 of the 52 microsatellite loci and none of the four sequence fragments were variable in A. suecica. We explore a number of possible evolutionary scenarios for A. suecica and conclude that it is likely that A. suecica has a recent, unique origin between 12,000 and 300,000 years ago. The time estimates depend strongly on what is assumed about population growth and rates of mutation. When combined with what is known about the history of glaciations, our results suggest that A. suecica originated south of its present distribution in Sweden and Finland and then migrated north, perhaps in the wake of the retreating ice.

Keywords: Arabidopsis suecica; Arabidopsis thaliana; polyploidy; polymorphism; speciation; founders.
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