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MBE Advance Access published online on March 6, 2006
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msj117
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© The Author 2006. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org
Accepted March 1, 2006

Research Article

Soft Sweeps II - Molecular Population Genetics of Adaptation from Recurrent Mutation or Migration

Pleuni S. Pennings 1 and Joachim Hermisson 1 *

1 Section of Evolutionary Biology, Department Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Joachim Hermisson, E-mail: hermisson{at}zi.biologie.uni-muenchen.de


  Abstract

In the classical model of molecular adaptation, a favored allele derives from a single mutational origin. This ignores that beneficial alleles can enter a population recurrently, either by mutation or migration, during the selective phase. In this case, descendents of several of these independent origins may contribute to the fixation. As a consequence, all ancestral haplotypes that are linked to any of these copies will be retained in the population, affecting the pattern of a selective sweep on linked neutral variation. In this study, we use analytical calculations based on coalescent theory and computer simulations to analyze molecular adaptation from recurrent mutation or migration. Under the assumption of complete linkage, we derive a robust analytical approximation for the number of ancestral haplotypes and their distribution in a sample from the population. We find that so-called "soft sweeps", where multiple ancestral haplotypes appear in a sample, are likely for biologically realistic values of mutation or migration rates.

Keywords: Adaptive evolution; selective sweeps; hitch-hiking; migration.
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