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MBE Advance Access published online on August 10, 2005
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msi234
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Published by Oxford University Press 2005.
Accepted August 3, 2005

Research Article

Phylogenomics of Life-or-Death Switches in Multicellular Animals: Bcl-2, BH3-only and BNip Families of Apoptotic Regulators

Abdel Aouacheria 1*, Frédéric Brunet 2, and Manolo Gouy 1

1 Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, CNRS UMR 5558, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, F-69622 VILLEURBANNE Cedex, FRANCE
2 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, INRA LA 1237 CNRS UMR 5161 ENS Lyon, IFR 128 BioSciences Lyon-Gerland, 46, allée d'Italie F-69634 LYON cedex 07 FRANCE

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abdel Aouacheria, E-mail: aouacher{at}biomserv.univ-lyon1.fr


  Abstract

In this report, we conducted a comprehensive survey of Bcl-2 family members, a divergent group of proteins that regulate programmed cell death by an evolutionarily conserved mechanism. Using comparative sequence analysis, we found novel sequences in mammals, non-mammalian vertebrates and in a number of invertebrates. We then asked what conclusions could be drawn from phyletic distribution, intron/exon structures, sequence/structure relationships and phylogenetic analyses within the updated Bcl-2 family. First, multidomain members having a sequence pattern consistent with the conservation of the Bcl-XL/Bax/Bid topology appear to be restricted to multicellular animals and may share a common ancestry. Next, BNip proteins, which were originally identified based on their ability to bind to E1B 19K/Bcl-2 proteins, form three independent monophyletic branches with different evolutionary history. Lastly, a set of BH3-only proteins with unrelated secondary structures seems to have evolved after the origin of Metazoa and exhibits diverse expansion after speciation during vertebrate evolution.

Keywords: Comparative genomics; apoptosis; Bcl-2 family; BNips; phylogeny.
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