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MBE Advance Access published online on August 10, 2005

Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msi233
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Accepted July 25, 2005

Research Article

Recombination Shapes the Natural Population Structure of the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobusislandicus

Rachel J. Whitaker 1*, Dennis W. Grogan 2, and John W. Taylor 3

1 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102; Present address: Ecosystems Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, 151 Hilgard Hall #3110, Berkeley, CA 94720-3110. Phone: (510) 410-4418. Fax: (510) 643-5098
2 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0006
3 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 111 Koshland Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720-3102

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Rachel J. Whitaker, E-mail: rwhitaker{at}nature.berkeley.edu


   Abstract

Although microorganisms make up the preponderance of the biodiversity on Earth, the ecological and evolutionary factors that structure microbial populations are not well understood. We investigated the genetic structure of a thermoacidophilic crenarchaeal species, Sulfolobus ‘islandicus’, using multilocus sequence analysis of six variable protein-coding loci on a set of 60 isolates from the Mutnovsky region of Kamchatka, Russia. We demonstrate significant incongruence among gene geneologies and a lack of association between alleles consistent with recombination rates greater than rate of mutation. The observation of high relative rates of recombination suggests that the structure of this natural population does not fit the periodic selection model often used to describe populations of asexual microorganisms. We propose instead that frequent recombination among closely related individuals prevents periodic selection from purging diversity and provides a fundamental cohesive mechanism within this and perhaps other microbial species.

Keywords: Recombination; Population structure; Archaea; Sulfolobus.
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