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MBE Advance Access published online on July 6, 2005
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msi208
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Accepted June 21, 2005

Letter

Divergence Time of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Sub-types

Roald Forsberg 1*

1 Bioinformatics Research Center, University of Aarhus, Denmark

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Roald Forsberg, E-mail: roald{at}birc.au.dk


  Abstract

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) recently emerged in domestic pigs of Western Europe and North America. Although time of emergence was identical on the two continents, genetic composition was markedly different with a clear geographical sub-type structure, indicating that sub-types diverged in separate reservoirs prior to emergence. Genetic analyses have shown that the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of Western European isolates existed around 1980 and that these originate from Eastern European pigs. These findings are challenged by a study of Hanada et al., who place the MRCA of all PRRSV-isolates around 1980 and find that no significant sub-type divergence occurred before emergence. Here, I discuss problems of information-content, methodology and biological plausibility associated with this study. Using alternative methodology, I reanalyze existing data and conclude that the MRCA of all PRRSV-isolates existed around 1880, 100 years before the date estimated by Hanada et al..

Keywords: Molecular clock; divergence time; PRRSV; sub-types.
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