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MBE Advance Access published online on April 13, 2005
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msi146
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© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org
Accepted March 16, 2005

Letter

Directed Mutagenesis Confirms the Functional Importance of Positively Selected Sites in Polygalacturonase Inhibitor Protein (PGIP)

John G. Bishop 1*

1 Max Planck Institute For Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany 07745; School of Biological Sciences, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Ave, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
John G. Bishop, E-mail: bishop{at}vancouver.wsu.edu


  Abstract

Polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins (PGIPs) protect plants against invasion by diverse microbial and invertebrate enemies that use polygalacturonase (PG) to breach the plant cell wall. Directed mutagenesis has identified specific natural mutations conferring novel defensive capability in green bean PGIP against a specific fungal PG. These same sites are identified as positively selected by phylogenetic codon substitution models, demonstrating the utility of such models for connecting retrospective comparative analyses with contemporary, ecologically relevant variation.

Keywords: Polygalacturonase Inhibitor Protein; directed mutagenesis; bean; Phaseolus vulgaris; positive selection; codon substitution models.
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