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MBE Advance Access published online on November 17, 2004
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msi054
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2004; all rights reserved
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Accepted November 8, 2004

Research Article

Isolation and Characterization of Active LINE and SINEs from the eel

Masaki Kajikawa 1, Kenji Ichiyanagi 1, Nozomu Tanaka 1, and Norihiro Okada 1*

1 Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8501, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Norihiro Okada, E-mail: nokada{at}bio.titech.ac.jp


  Abstract

Long interspersed elements (LINEs) and short interspersed elements (SINEs) are retrotransposons. These elements can mobilize by the "copy-and-paste" mechanism in which their own RNA is reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA (cDNA). LINEs and SINEs not only are components of eukaryotic genomes but also drivers of genomic evolution. Thus, studies of the amplification mechanism of LINEs and SINEs are important for understanding eukaryotic genome evolution. Here we report the characterization of one LINE family (UnaL2) and two SINE families (UnaSINE1 and UnaSINE2) from the eel (Anguilla japonica) genome. UnaL2 is ~3.6 kilobases (kb) and encodes only one open reading frame (ORF). UnaL2 belongs to the stringent type--thought to be a major group of LINEs--and can mobilize in HeLa cells. We also show that UnaL2 and the two UnaSINEs have similar 3' tails, and that both UnaSINE1 and UnaSINE2 can be mobilized by UnaL2 in HeLa cells. These elements are thus useful for delineating the amplification mechanism of stringent type LINEs as well as that of SINEs.

Keywords: Transposable element; Retrotransposon; Retrotransposition; Reverse transcriptase; Endonuclease.
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