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MBE Advance Access published online on October 13, 2004
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msi008
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2004; all rights reserved
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Accepted October 4, 2004

Research Article

Mitochondrial Genomes of Clymenella torquata (Maldanidae) and Riftia pachyptila (Siboglinidae): Evidence for Conserved Gene Order in Annelida

Robert M. Jennings 1 and Kenneth M. Halanych 2*

1 Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA
2 Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849 USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: ken{at}auburn.edu.


  Abstract

Mitochondrial genomes are useful tools for inferring evolutionary history. However, many taxa are poorly represented by available data. Thus, to further understand the phylogenetic potential of complete mitochondrial genome sequence data in Annelida (segmented worms), we examined the complete mitochondrial sequence for Clymenella torquata (Maldanidae) and an estimated 80% of the sequence of Riftia pachyptila (Siboglinidae). These genomes have remarkably similar gene orders to previously published annelid genomes, suggesting that gene order is conserved across annelids. This result is interesting given the high variation seen in the closely related Mollusca and Brachiopoda. Phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence, amino acid sequence and gene order all support the recent hypothesis that Sipuncula and Annelida are closely related. Our findings suggest that gene order data is of limited utility in annelids but that sequence data holds promise. Additionally, these genomes show AT bias (~66%) and codon usage biases, but have a typical gene complement for bilaterian mitochondrial genomes.

Keywords: Phylogeny; gene order; mitochondria; genome; Annelida.
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