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MBE Advance Access published online on April 14, 2004
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msh140
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2004; all rights reserved
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Accepted March 18, 2004

Original Articles

Evolutionary Dynamics and Preferential Expression of Homoeologous 18S-5.8S-26S Nuclear Ribosomal Genes in Natural and Artificial Glycine Allopolyploids

Simon Joly 1, Jason T. Rauscher 1, Susan L. Sherman-Broyles 1, A. H. D. Brown 2, Jeff J. Doyle 1*

1 L. H. Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, 228 Plant Science, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
2 Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jjd5{at}cornell.edu.


  Abstract

Polyploidy is an important evolutionary process in plants, but much remains to be learned about the evolution of gene expression in polyploids. Evolution and expression of the 18S-5.8S-26S ribosomal gene family was investigated at homoeologous loci in the Glycine subgenus Glycine perennial soybean polyploid complex, which consists of several diploid genomes that have formed allopolyploids in various combinations, often recurrently. A semi-quantitative PCR method targeting the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the 18S-5.8S-26S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) was used to survey the ratio between homoeologous repeats in polyploid genomes, and to test for preferential expression of homoeologous nrDNA loci. Most natural polyploids possess one predominant nrDNA homoeologue in their genome. Analysis of F2 segregation in an artificial cross suggested that in some plants most or all repeats at one homoeologous locus have been lost whereas in other plants two loci remain, but both have been homogenized by concerted evolution. In most natural allopolyploids harboring a relatively balanced ratio of homoeologues, one homoelogue was expressed preferentially, but in the majority of plants low levels of transcription could be detected from the other homoeologue. Individuals within some tetraploid taxa varied as to which homoelogue was expressed preferentially. In some plants, the degree of preferential expression also varied among tissues. Preferential expression was absent in synthetic polyploids and in some artificial diploid hybrids, suggesting that nucleolar dominance is not necessarily a direct result of hybridization or polyploidization. The establishment of preferential expression in Glycine allopolyploids appears to be either stochastic within lineages, or genotype-specific.

Key Words: Polyploidy, Glycine, ribosomal gene family, Internal Transcribed Spacers (ITS), gene expression, nucleolar dominance


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