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MBE Advance Access published online on December 23, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msh046
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted October 25, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

Phylogenetic Dating and Characterization of Gene Duplications in Vertebrates: The Cartilaginous Fish Reference

Marc Robinson-Rechavi 1*, Bastien Boussau 1, and Vincent Laudet 1

1 Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire de la Cellule, UMR CNRS 5161, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: marc{at}sdsc.edu.


  Abstract

Vertebrates originated in the lower Cambrian. Their diversification and morphological innovations have been attributed to large-scale gene or genome duplications at the origin of the group. These are predicted to have occurred in two rounds of genome duplication, the "2R" hypothesis, or one genome duplication plus many segmental duplications, although these hypotheses are disputed. Under such models, most genes that are duplicated in all vertebrates should have originated during the same period. Previous work has shown that indeed duplications started after the speciation between vertebrates and the closest invertebrate, amphioxus, but have not set a clear ending. Consideration of chordate phylogeny immediately shows the key position of cartilaginous vertebrates (Chondrichthyes) to answer this question. Did gene duplications occur as frequently during the 45 million years between the cartilaginous/bony vertebrate split and the fish/tetrapode split as in the previous {approx}100 million years? Although the time interval is relatively short, it is crucial to understanding the events at the origin of vertebrates. By a systematic appraisal of gene phylogenies, we show that significantly more duplications occurred before than after the cartilaginous/bony vertebrate split. Our results support rounds of gene or genome duplications during a limited period of early vertebrate evolution, and allow a better characterization of these events.

Key Words: shark, ray, genome duplication, 2R hypothesis, phylogeny, Chondrichthyes


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