Skip Navigation



MBE Advance Access published online on December 23, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msh045
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
This Article
Right arrow Advance Access manuscript (PDF) Freely available
Right arrow All Versions of this Article:
21/3/520    most recent
msh045v1
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Add to My Personal Archive
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowRequest Permissions
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Bringaud, F.
Right arrow Articles by Baltz, T.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Bringaud, F.
Right arrow Articles by Baltz, T.
Social Bookmarking
Add to CiteULike   Add to Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us  
What's this?

Accepted October 22, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

The ingi and RIME Non-LTR Retrotransposons Are Not Randomly Distributed in the Genome of Trypanosoma brucei

Frédéric Bringaud 1*, Nicolas Biteau 1, Eduard Zuiderwijk 2, Matthew Berriman 2, Najib M. El-Sayed 3, Elodie Ghedin 3, Sara E. Melville 4, Neil Hall 2, and Théo Baltz 1

1 Laboratoire de Génomique Fonctionnelle des Trypanosomatides, UMR-5162 CNRS, Université Victor Segalen Bordeaux II, 146 rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France
2 The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, United Kingdom
3 The Institute for Genomic Research (TIGR), 9712 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 10850, USA; George Washington University, Dept. of Microbiology and Tropical Medicine, Washington, DC, USA
4 Molteno Institute for Parasitology, Dept. Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bringaud{at}u-bordeaux2.fr.


  Abstract

The ingi (long and autonomous) and RIME (short and non-autonomous) non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons are the most abundant mobile elements characterized to date in the genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei. These retrotransposons were thought to be randomly distributed, but a detailed and comprehensive analysis of their genomic distribution had not been performed until now. To address this question, we analyzed the ingi/RIME sequences and flanking sequences from the ongoing T. brucei genome sequencing project (TREU927/4 strain). Among the 81 ingi/RIME elements analyzed, 60% are complete and 7% of the ingi elements (approximately 15 copies per haploid genome) appear to encode for their own transposition. The size of the direct repeat flanking the ingi/RIME retrotransposons is conserved, i.e. 12 bp, and a strong consensus pattern 11 bp long precedes the 5'-direct repeat. The presence of a consensus pattern upstream of the retroelements was confirmed by the analysis of the base occurrence in 294 GSS containing 5'-adjacent ingi/RIME sequences. The conserved sequence is present upstream of ingis and RIMEs, suggesting that ingi-encoded enzymatic activities are used for retrotransposition of RIMEs, which are short non-autonomous retroelements. In conclusion, the ingi and RIME retroelements are not randomly distributed in the genome of T. brucei and are preceded by a conserved sequence, which may be the recognition site of the ingi-encoded endonuclease.

Key Words: ingi, insertion site specificity, Non-LTR retrotransposon, "Retroelement Hot Spot" gene, RIME, Trypanosoma brucei


Add to CiteULike CiteULike   Add to Connotea Connotea   Add to Del.icio.us Del.icio.us    What's this?


This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Eukaryot CellHome page
F. Bringaud, M. Berriman, and C. Hertz-Fowler
Trypanosomatid Genomes Contain Several Subfamilies of ingi-Related Retroposons
Eukaryot. Cell, October 1, 2009; 8(10): 1532 - 1542.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eukaryot CellHome page
K. T. Militello, P. Wang, S. K. Jayakar, R. L. Pietrasik, C. D. Dupont, K. Dodd, A. M. King, and P. R. Valenti
African Trypanosomes Contain 5-Methylcytosine in Nuclear DNA
Eukaryot. Cell, November 1, 2008; 7(11): 2012 - 2016.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Eukaryot CellHome page
R. T. Souza, M. R. M. Santos, F. M. Lima, N. M. El-Sayed, P. J. Myler, J. C. Ruiz, and J. F. da Silveira
New Trypanosoma cruzi Repeated Element That Shows Site Specificity for Insertion
Eukaryot. Cell, July 1, 2007; 6(7): 1228 - 1238.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Mol Biol EvolHome page
F. Bringaud, D. C. Bartholomeu, G. Blandin, A. Delcher, T. Baltz, N. M. A. El-Sayed, and E. Ghedin
The Trypanosoma cruzi L1Tc and NARTc Non-LTR Retrotransposons Show Relative Site Specificity for Insertion
Mol. Biol. Evol., February 1, 2006; 23(2): 411 - 420.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 ScienceHome page
N. M. El-Sayed, P. J. Myler, D. C. Bartholomeu, D. Nilsson, G. Aggarwal, A.-N. Tran, E. Ghedin, E. A. Worthey, A. L. Delcher, G. Blandin, et al.
The Genome Sequence of Trypanosoma cruzi, Etiologic Agent of Chagas Disease
Science, July 15, 2005; 309(5733): 409 - 415.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


Disclaimer: Please note that abstracts for content published before 1996 were created through digital scanning and may therefore not exactly replicate the text of the original print issues. All efforts have been made to ensure accuracy, but the Publisher will not be held responsible for any remaining inaccuracies. If you require any further clarification, please contact our Customer Services Department.