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MBE Advance Access published online on August 29, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg206
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted June 22, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

Evolution of the Deep-Sea Gulper Eel Mitochondrial Genomes: Large-Scale Gene Rearrangements Originated within the Eels

Jun G. Inoue 1*, Masaki Miya 2, Katsumi Tsukamoto 1, and Mutsumi Nishida 1

1 Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
2 Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum & Institute, Chiba, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jinoue{at}ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp.


  Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated that deviations from the typical vertebrate mitochondrial gene order are more frequent than initially thought. Such deviations, however, are minor, with inversions and/or translocations of a few genes being involved and tandem duplication of the gene regions followed by deletions of genes having been invoked as mechanisms originating in such novel gene order. During the course of molecular phylogenetic studies on the Elopomorpha (eels and their allies), we found that mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from the two deep-sea gulper eels, Eurypharynx pelecanoides (Eurypharyngidae) and Saccopharynx lavenbergi (Saccopharyngidae), exhibit an identical gene order which greatly differ from that of any other vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis using the mitogenomic data from 59 species of fish, however, not only confirmed a single origin of such a gene order with confidence, but also indicated that it had been derived from the typical vertebrate gene order. Detailed comparisons of the gulper eel gene order with that of typical vertebrates suggested that occurrence of a single step, large-scale duplication of gene region extending >12 kb, followed by deletions of genes in a common ancestor of the two species, most parsimoniously accounts for this unusual gene arrangement.

Key Words: gulper eels, complete mtDNA sequence, gene rearrangement, mitogenomics, deep sea, higher-level relationships


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