MBE Advance Access published online on July 28, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg195
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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1 Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, 3529-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: pkeeling{at}interchnage.ubc.ca.
Plastids (the photosynthetic organelles of plants and algae) originated through endosymbiosis between a cyanobacterium and a eukaryote, and subsequently spread to other eukaryotes by secondary endosymbioses between two eukaryotes. Mounting evidence favours a single origin for plastids of apicomplexans, cryptophytes, dinoflagellates, haptophytes, and heterokonts (together with their non-photosynthetic relatives, termed chromalveolates), but so far no single molecular marker has been described which supports this common origin. One piece of evidence comes from plastid-targeted glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which originated by a gene duplication of the cytosolic form. However, no plastid GAPDH has been characterized from haptophytes, leaving an important piece of the puzzle missing. We have sequenced genes encoding cytosolic, mitochondrion-targeted, and plastid-targeted GAPDH proteins from a number of haptophytes and heterokonts, and found haptophyte homologues that branch within a strongly supported clade of chromalveolate plastid-targeted genes, being more closely related to an apicomplexan homologue than was expected. The evolution of plastid-targeted GAPDH supports red algal ancestry of apicomplexan plastids, and raises a number of questions about the importance of plastid loss and the possibility of cryptic plastids in non-photosynthetic lineages such as ciliates. Key Words:
alveolates, apicomplexans, dinoflagellates, GAPDH, haptophytes, heterokonts
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Original Articles
Nucleus-Encoded, Plastid-Targeted Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (GAPDH) Indicates a Single Origin for Chromalveolate Plastids
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