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MBE Advance Access published online on July 28, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg194
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted June 9, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

High Mutation Rate of TPE Repeats: A Microsatellite in the Putative Transposase of the hobo Element in Drosophila melanogaster

Sémi Souames 1, Eric Bonnivard 1, Claude Bazin 2, and Dominique Higuet 1*

1 Institut Jacques Monod, Universités Paris 6 et 7, CNRS, Laboratoire Dynamique du Génome et Evolution, 4, place Jussieu, 75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
2 Laboratoire Population, Génétique et Evolution, CNRS, 13 avenue de la Terrasse, Gif sur Yvette, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: higuet{at}ccr.jussieu.fr.


  Abstract

The hobo transposable element contains a polymorphic microsatellite sequence located in its coding region, the TPE repeats. Previous surveys of natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster have detected at least seven different hobo transposons. These natural populations are geographically structured with regard to TPE polymorphism, and a scenario has been proposed for the invasion process. Natural populations have recently been completely invaded by hobo elements with 3TPE repeats. New elements then appeared by mutation, triggering a new stage of invasion by other elements. Since TPE polymorphism appeared over a short period of time, we focused on estimating the mutation rate of these TPE repeats. We used transgenic lines harboring 3 TPE and/or 5 TPE hobo elements that had been evolving for at least sixteen generations to search for a new TPE repeat polymorphism. We detected three mutants, with 4, 7 and 8 TPE repeats respectively. The estimated mutation rate of the TPE repeats is therefore higher than that of neutral microsatellites in D. melanogaster (4.2 x 10-4 versus 6.5 x 10-6). The role of the transposition mechanism and the particular structure of the TPE repeats of the hobo element in this increase in the mutation rate are discussed.

Key Words: Drosophila melanogaster, hobo element, TPE repeats, microsatellite loci, mutation rate


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