MBE Advance Access published online on June 27, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg188
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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1 Area di Antropologia, Dipartimento di Biologia e. s., Università di Bologna. Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Sezione di Biologia Evolutiva, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: edutars{at}wam.umd.edu.
We analyzed mtDNA sequence variation in 590 individuals from 18 South Amerindian populations. The spatial pattern of mtDNA diversity in these populations fits well the model proposed on the basis of Y-chromosome data; we found evidence of a differential action of genetic drift and gene flow in western and eastern populations, which has led to genetic divergence in the latter but not in the former. Although it is not possible to identify a pattern of genetic variation common to all South America, when western and eastern populations are analyzed separately, the mtDNA diversity in both regions fits the isolation-by-distance model, suggesting independent evolutionary dynamics. Maximum-likelihood estimates of divergence times between Central and South Amerindian populations fall between 13000 and 19000 years, which is consistent with a Pleistocenic peopling of South America. Moreover, comparison of among-population variability of mtDNA and Y-chromosome DNA seems to indicate that South America is the only continent where the levels of differentiation are similar for maternal and paternal lineages. Key Words:
Native Americans, peopling of South America, genetic structure
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Original Articles
Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in South America and the Genetic History of Andean Highlanders
2 Department of Biology, University of Maryland, 1210 Biology-Psychology Bldg. College Park, 20742, MD; Area di Antropologia, Dipartimento di Biologia e. s., Università di Bologna. Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Av.Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, 31270010, Minas Gerais, Brazil
3 Sezione di Biologia Evolutiva, Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
4 Departamento de Medicina, Hospital Hipólito Unanue, Av. Cesar Vallejo 1390, El Agustino, Lima 10, Peru
5 Area di Antropologia, Dipartimento di Biologia e. s., Università di Bologna. Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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