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MBE Advance Access published online on June 27, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg168
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted May 13, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

A Transposable Element-Mediated Gene Divergence That Directly Produces a Novel Type Bovine Bcnt Protein Including the Endonuclease Domain of RTE-1

Shintaro Iwashita 1*, Naoki Osada 2, Tomohito Itoh 3, Mariko Sezaki 4, Kenshiro Oshima 5, Etsuko Hashimoto 5, Yuko Kitagawa 5, Ichiro Takahashi 2, Tohru Masui 6, Katsuyuki Hashimoto 2, and Wojciech Makalowski 7

1 Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), Tokyo 194-8511, Japan; Yokohama National University, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
2 National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
3 Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Fukushima 961-8061, Japan
4 Mitsubishi Kagaku Institute of Life Sciences (MITILS), Tokyo 194-8511, Japan
5 Hitachi Instruments Service Co., Ltd., Tokyo 160-0004, Japan
6 National Institute of Health Sciences, Tokyo 158-8501, Japan
7 Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: siwast{at}libra.ls.m-kagaku.co.jp.


  Abstract

Ruminant Bcnt protein with a molecular mass of 97 kDa (designated p97Bcnt) includes a region derived from the endonuclease domain of a retrotransposable element RTE-1. Human and mouse Bcnt proteins lack the corresponding region but have a highly conserved 82-amino acid region at the C-terminus that is not present in p97Bcnt. By screening a bovine BAC library, we found two more bcnt-related genes, human-type bcnt (h-type bcnt) and its processed pseudogene. While the pseudogene is localized on chromosome 26, both bcntp97 and the h-type bcnt genes are found on bovine chromosome 18, a synteny region of human chromosome 16 on which human BCNT is localized. Complete nucleotide sequencing of the BAC clone reveals that the bcntp97 and h-type bcnt genes are located just 6 kb apart in a tandem manner. The two h-type bcnt and bcntp97 genes are active at both transcriptional and protein levels. H-type bovine Bcnt is more similar to human BCNT than p97Bcnt, when compared to their N-terminal regions. However, phylogenetic analysis using the N-terminal region of bcnt gene family revealed that the duplication of bovine genes occurred within bovine lineage with significantly accelerated substitution in bcntp97. This acceleration was not ascribed definitely to a positive selection. After duplication, one of the bovine bcnt genes recruited the endonuclease domain of an intronic RTE-1 repeat accompanied by the accelerated substitution at the 5'-ORF, resulting in creation of a novel type of Bcnt protein in bovine.

Key Words: Gene duplication, retrotransposable element-1, bovine, pseudogene, relaxed evolution


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