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MBE Advance Access published online on June 27, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg166
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted May 8, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

Rapid Molecular Evolution of CYCLOIDEA-Like Genes in Antirrhinum and Its Relatives

Thomas Gübitz 1, Ailsa Caldwell 1, and Andrew Hudson 1*

1 Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: andrew.hudson{at}ed.ac.uk.


  Abstract

The CYCLOIDEA (CYC) and DICHOTOMA (DICH) genes encode related TCP transcription factors that control floral asymmetry in Antirrhinum majus. Analysis of sequences from relatives of Antirrhinum suggested that CYC and DICH arose from a gene duplication in an ancestor of the tribe Antirrhineae and have subsequently evolved at similar rates. Coding regions outside the conserved functional TCP and R domains differed by numerous indels suggesting rapid evolution and low constraint on amino acid sequence. An analysis of variability within the genus Antirrhinum revealed very similar CYC alleles in 17 representative species, consistent with most of the species having diverged within the last one million years. While substitution mutations appear to have accumulated constantly, one Antirrhinum CYC allele provided evidence for sporadic and rapid accumulation of insertion mutations.

Key Words: CYCLOIDEA, DICHOTOMA, TCP genes, Antirrhinum, Antirrhineae


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