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MBE Advance Access published online on June 27, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg164
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted May 5, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

Globin Genes Are Present in Ciona intestinalis

Bettina Ebner 1, Thorsten Burmester 2, and Thomas Hankeln 1*

1 Institute of Molecular Genetics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
2 Institute of Zoology, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hankeln{at}uni-mainz.de.


  Abstract

The key position of the Ciona intestinalis basal to the vertebrate phylogenetic tree brings up the question which respiratory proteins are used by the tunicate to facilitate oxygen transport and storage. The publication of the Ciona draft genome sequence suggests that globin genes are completely missing and that-like some molluscs and arthropods-the sea squirt uses hemocyanin instead of hemoglobin for respiration. However, we report here the presence and expression of at least four distinct globin gene/protein sequences in Ciona. This finding is in agreement with the ancestral phylogeny of the vertebrate globins. Moreover, it seems likely that the Ciona hemocyanin-like sequences have enzymatic instead of respiratory functions.

Key Words: Ciona intestinalis, hemoglobin, neuroglobin, cytoglobin, hemocyanin, intron


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