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MBE Advance Access published online on May 30, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg133
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted March 25, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

Three Neuropeptide Y Receptor Genes in the Spiny Dogfish, Squalus acanthias, Support en bloc Duplications in Early Vertebrate Evolution

Erik Salaneck 1, David H. Ardell 2, Earl T. Larson 1, Dan Larhammar 1*

1 Department of Neuroscience, Unit of Pharmacology, Uppsala University, Box 593, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden
2 Department of Molecular Evolution, Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18C, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: Dan.Larhammar{at}neuro.uu.se.


  Abstract

It has been debated whether the increase in gene number during early vertebrate evolution was due to multiple independent gene duplications or synchronous duplications of many genes. We describe here the cloning of three NPY receptor genes belonging to the Y1 subfamily in the spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias, a cartilaginous fish. The three genes are orthologs of the mammalian subtypes Y1, Y4 and Y6, which are located in paralogous gene regions on different chromosomes in mammals. Thus, these genes arose by duplications of a chromosome region before the radiation of gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates). Estimates of duplication times from linearized trees together with evidence from other gene families supports two rounds of chromosome duplications or tetraploidizations early in vertebrate evolution. The anatomical distribution of mRNA was determined by reverse-transcriptase PCR and was found to differ from mammals, suggesting differential functional diversification of the new gene copies during the radiation of the vertebrate classes.

Key Words: Neuropeptide Y, G-protein coupled receptor, 2R hypothesis, linearized tree, gnathostome, chondrichthyes, Squalus acanthias


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