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MBE Advance Access published online on April 25, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg120
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted March 4, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

Inferences on the Evolutionary History of the S-Element Family of Drosophila melanogaster

Xulio Maside 1*, Carolina Bartolomé 1, Brian Charlesworth 1

1 Institute of Cell, Animal and Population Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: xulio.maside{at}ed.ac.uk.


  Abstract

The S-element family of transposable elements has been characterized in D. melanogaster. Attempts to find it in other Drosophila related species have failed, suggesting that this element family may have recently invaded the D. melanogaster genome by horizontal transfer. In order to investigate its evolutionary history, we analysed the patterns of DNA polymorphism among the S-element copies present in a sample genome (Drosophila Genome Project). The observed levels of nucleotide diversity are significantly lower than theoretical expectations based on the neutral model. This is consistent with evidence for ongoing gene conversion among copies, and for purifying selection on the elements' sequences, particularly on the TIRs. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that the members of the S-element family can be grouped into at least two genetically differentiated clusters. The level of divergence between these clusters suggests that the S-elements invaded the genome of the ancestor of D. melanogaster prior to the speciation of the D. melanogaster complex. However, other relevant scenarios are also discussed.

Key Words: transposable elements, horizontal transfer, S-element, Drosophila melanogaster


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