MBE Advance Access published online on April 25, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg104
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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1 Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: nokada{at}bio.titech.ac.jp.
Cichlid fishes of the East African Great Lakes represent a paradigm of adaptive radiation. We conducted a phylogenetic analysis of cichlids including pan-African and West African species using insertion patterns of short interspersed elements (SINEs) at orthologous loci. The monophyly of the East African cichlids was consistently supported by seven independent insertions of SINE sequences that are uniquely shared by these species. In addition, data from four other loci indicated that the genera Tilapia (pan-African) and Steatocranus (West African) are the closest relatives to East African cichlids. However, relationships among Tilapia, Steatocranus and the East African clade were ambiguous due to incongruencies among topologies suggested by insertion patterns of SINEs at six other loci. One plausible explanation for this phenomenon is incomplete lineage sorting of alleles containing or missing a SINE insertion at these loci during ancestral speciation. Such incomplete sorting may have taken place earlier than 14MYA, and was followed by random and stochastic fixation of the alleles in subsequent lineages. These observations prompted us to consider the possibility that cichlid speciation occurred at an accelerated rate during this period when the African Great Lakes did not exist. The SINE method could be useful for detecting ancient exclusive speciation events that tend to remain hidden during conventional sequence analyses due to accumulated point mutations. Key Words:
exclusive speciation, incomplete lineage sorting, African Great Lakes, cichlid, retroposon, SINE, AFC family
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Original Articles
Using SINEs to Probe Ancient Explosive Speciation: "Hidden" Radiation of African Cichlids?
2 Division of Molecular Marine Biology, Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164-8639, Japan
3 Conservation and Environmental Education, WWF Japan, 3-1-14 Shiba, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0014, Japan
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