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MBE Advance Access published online on April 2, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg094
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted January 21, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

Different Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Superfamilies Resulted from Different Gene Reading Frames

Jing-Fei Huang 1*

1 Yunnan Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Domestic Animals, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Eastern Jiaochang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 Eastern Jiaochang Road, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, P. R. China

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hjf58117{at}public.km.yn.cn.


  Abstract

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are comprised of two superfamilies, the phosphatase I superfamily containing a single low-molecular-weight PTP (lmwPTP) family and the phosphatase II superfamily including both the higher-molecular-weight PTP (hmwPTP) and the dual specificity phosphatase (DSP) families, and the phosphatase I and II are often considered to be the result of convergent evolution. The PTP sequence and structure analyses indicate that lmwPTPs, hmwPTPs and DSPs share the similar structures, functions and a common signature motif, although they have the low sequence identities and a different order of active sites in sequence or a circular permutation. The results from this work suggest that lmwPTPs and hmwPTPs/DSPs are remotely related in evolution, the earliest ancestral gene of PTPs could be from a short fragment containing about 90~120 nucleotides or 30~40 residues, however, a probable full PTP ancestral gene had contained one transcript unit with two lmwPTP genes. All these three PTP families may be resulted from a common ancestral gene by the duplications, fusions and circular permutations. The circular permutation in PTPs is caused by reading gene differently, which is similar to that in DNA methyltransferases, nevertheless, the evolutionary mechanism of circular permutation in PTP genes seems to be more complicated than that in DNA methyltransferase genes. The both mechanisms in PTPs and in DNA methyltransferases can be used to explain some protein families and superfamilies how to be formed by circular permutations during molecular evolution.

Key Words: Circular permutation, different gene reading frames, divergent and convergent evolution, gene duplication and fusion, molecular evolution, protein tyrosine phosphatase


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