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MBE Advance Access published online on April 25, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg090
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted January 13, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

Hoppel, a P-Like Element without Introns: A P Element Ancestral Structure or a Retrotranscription Derivative?

Daphné Reiss 1*, Hadi Quesneville 1, Danielle Nouaud 1, Olivier Andrieu 1, Dominique Anxolabéhère 1

1 Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, Dynamique de Génome et Evolution, CNRS, Universités PM Curie, D. Diderot, 2, Place Jussieu, 75252 PARIS, France

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: reiss{at}ijm.jussieu.fr.


  Abstract

An in silico search for P transposable element-related sequences in the Drosophila melanogaster genome allowed us to detect sequences that are similar to P element transposases. These sequences are located in the central region of 3.4 kb Hoppel elements, a class II transposon. PCR analysis of the insertional polymorphism revealed that these elements are mobile. The 3.4 kb elements are the longest copies of this family ever found. They contain an open reading frame that is long enough to encode a transposase, suggesting that the 3.4 kb elements are the full-length copies of the Hoppel family. Multiple alignments of several P element transposases from different species and the Hoppel element-encoded peptide showed that all of the P element introns and the 5' region of the transposase are absent from the Hoppel sequence. Sequence analysis combined with RT-PCR analysis showed that the 3.4 kb Hoppel elements are intronless. P and Hoppel not only share similar amino acid sequences, but also have Terminal Inverted Repeats of the same length (31 bp) and their excision footprints present a similar structure, which suggests that their transposases are functionally very similar. Thus, we propose that the Hoppel element family be included in the P element superfamily. Two evolutionary scenarios are discussed considering the presence/absence of introns within the P element superfamily.

Key Words: Hoppel element, P-element, transposable element, introns, Drosophila melanogaster


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