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MBE Advance Access published online on April 2, 2003
Molecular Biology and Evolution, doi:10.1093/molbev/msg086
Molecular Biology and Evolution © Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution 2003; all rights reserved
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Accepted January 9, 2003
© 2003 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Original Articles

Search for the Evolutionary Origin of a Brain; Planarian Brain Characterized by Microarray

Masumi Nakazawa 1, Francesc Cebrià 2, Katsuhiko Mineta 3, Kazuho Ikeo 3, Kiyokazu Agata 4, Takashi Gojobori 3*

1 Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Japan; RIKEN, Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan
2 RIKEN, Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Japan; Department of Cell & Structural Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
3 Center for Information Biology and DNA Data Bank of Japan, National Institute of Genetics, Japan
4 RIKEN, Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe, Japan; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Japan

* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: tgojobor{at}genes.nig.ac.jp.


  Abstract

The origin of the brain remains a challenging problem in evolutionary studies. To understand when and how the structural brain emerged, we analyzed the central nervous system (CNS) of a lower invertebrate, planarian. We conducted a large-scale screening of the head part-specific genes in the planarian by constructing a cDNA microarray. Competitive hybridization of cDNAs between a head portion and the other body portion of planarians revealed 205 genes with head part-specific spikes, including essential genes in the vertebrate nervous system. The expression patterns of the top 30 genes showing the strongest spikes implied that the planarian brain has undergone functional regionalization. We demonstrate the complex cytoarchitecture of the planarian brain, despite its simple superficiality of the morphology.

Key Words: central nervous system, origin of brain, planarian, microarray


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