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MBE Advance Access originally published online on May 30, 2003
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Mol. Biol. Evol. 20(7):1113-1116. 2003
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msg131
© 2003 by the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. ISSN: 0737-4038

Evidence That the Human X Chromosome Is Enriched for Male-Specific but not Female-Specific Genes

Martin J. Lercher, Araxi O. Urrutia and Laurence D. Hurst

Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom

E-mail: l.d.hurst{at}bath.ac.uk.

There is increasing evidence that X chromosomes have an unusual complement of genes, especially genes that have sex-specific expression. However, whereas in worm and fly the X chromosome has a dearth of male-specific genes, in mice genes that are uniquely expressed in spermatogonia are especially abundant on the X chromosome. Is this latter enrichment true for nongermline, male-specific genes in mammals, and is it found also for female-specific genes? Here, using SAGE data, we show (1) that tissue-specific genes tend to be more abundant on the human X chromosome, (2) that, controlling for this effect, genes expressed exclusively in prostate are enriched on the human X chromosome, and (3) that genes expressed exclusively in mammary gland and ovary are not so enriched. This we propose is consistent with Rice's model of the evolution of sexually antagonistic alleles.

Key Words: X chromosome • prostate • mammary gland • ovary • sexual antagonism • gene location


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