Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:1816-1819 (2002)
© 2002 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
A Test for Faster X Evolution in Drosophila

*Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester;
Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside
| The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below. |
Charlesworth, Coyne, and Barton (1987)
showed that, under certain conditions, loci on the X chromosome are expected to have higher rates of adaptive evolution than those on the autosomes. In particular, if the average beneficial mutation is both new (i.e., not a previously deleterious allele segregating at mutation-selection balance; see Orr and Betancourt 2001
) and at least partially recessive (mean h < 0.5), X-linked loci will evolve faster (Charlesworth, Coyne, and Barton 1987
). (This calculation assumes that the distribution of selection coefficients does not systematically differ between X-linked and autosomal loci, as seems reasonable.) Although X-linked loci, having smaller population sizes than do autosomal loci, experience fewer beneficial mutations per generation, a greater fraction of these mutations is fixed by hemizygous selection in the XY sex (we assume hereafter that males are the XY sex). When h = 0.5, the two forces cancel each other, and X-linked and
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