Molecular Biology and Evolution 18:676-680 (2001)
© 2001 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
LETTER |
Uninformative Characters and Apparent Conflict Between Molecules and Morphology
Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
Incongruence between different data sets remains one of the central issues in systematics. Numerous tree- based and character-based tests to identify incongruence have been developed, and each has strengths and weaknesses (e.g., for reviews, see Cunningham 1997a;
Johnson and Soltis 1998
). Currently, one of the most widely used methods for evaluating incongruence within a parsimony framework is the homogeneity test of Farris et al. (1995)
, usually termed the incongruence length difference (ILD) test (Cunningham 1997a;
but see Johnson and Soltis 1998
) or the partition homogeneity Test (Swofford 2000
). The test has been argued to produce more accurate results than other tests (Cunningham 1997a
) and is also easy to implement using PAUP* (Swofford 2000
).
The ILD test evaluates whether the level of incongruence between two or more data sets is greater than that expected by chance alone, given the level
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