Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 1086-1097, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
BS Gaut, AS Peek, BR Morton and MT Clegg
We investigated the evolutionary dynamics of the Adh gene family within the
grasses (Poaceae), with the goal of using molecular evolutionary tools to
understand the process of gene family diversification. We analyzed 21 Adh
sequences representing a broad array of grasses. Phylogenetic analyses
suggested that Adh duplicated into Adh1 and Adh2 before the radiation of
the grasses roughly 65 MYA. Gene structure, including intron length, has
varied little over this period. Conservation of intron length prompted
investigation into the dynamics of intron evolution, particularly the
ability of intron sequences to form secondary structures. Intron sequences
did not have an extremely high or low minimum free energy of folding
relative to permuted sequences, suggesting that individual Adh introns do
not evolve under secondary structural constraints. For coding sequences,
the diversification of Adh1 and Adh2 was marked by a shift in third-
position G + C content. This shift may reflect differential selection for
codon use. Diversification between Adh1 and Adh2 was also typified by a
shift in nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rates, but there was no
evidence that relatively fast nonsynonymous nucleotide substitution rates
in the Adh2 clade were a product of diversifying selection. Gene conversion
may have played a role in retarding diversification of Adh1 and Adh2 in
rice, but there is no evidence of gene conversion between paralogs in other
taxa. Although the reasons for retention of two functional Adh genes remain
obscure, we propose that a shift in gene expression was important for the
retention of the two Adh gene copies within the grasses.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Patterns of genetic diversification within the Adh gene family in the grasses (Poaceae)
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine 92697-2525, USA. bgaut@uci.edu
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