Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 410-418, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
JL Boore, LL Daehler and WM Brown
We have determined the 15,083-nucleotide (nt) sequence of the mitochondrial
DNA (mtDNA) of the lancelet Branchiostoma floridae (Chordata:
Cephalochordata). As is typical in metazoans, the mtDNA encodes 13 protein,
2 rRNA, and 22 tRNA genes. The gene arrangement differs from the common
vertebrate arrangement by only four tRNA gene positions. Three of these are
unique to Branchiostoma, but the fourth is in a position that is primitive
for chordates. It shares the genetic code variations found in vertebrate
mtDNAs except that AGA = serine, a code variation found in many
invertebrate phyla but not in vertebrates (the related codon AGG was not
found). Branchiostoma mtDNA lacks a vertebrate-like control region; its
largest noncoding region (129 nt) is unremarkable in sequence or base
composition, and its location between ND5 and tRNAG differs from that
usually found in vertebrates. It also lacks a potential hairpin DNA
structure like those found in many (though not in all) vertebrates to serve
as the second-strand (i.e., L-strand) origin of replication. Perhaps
related to this, the sequence corresponding to the DHU arm of tRNAC cannot
form a helical stem, a condition found in a few other vertebrate mtDNAs
that also lack a canonical L-strand origin of replication. ATG and GTG
codons appear to initiate translation in 11 and 2 of the protein-encoding
genes, respectively. Protein genes end with complete (TAA or TAG) or
incomplete (T or TA) stop codons; the latter are presumably converted to
TAA by post-transcriptional polyadenylation.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Complete sequence, gene arrangement, and genetic code of mitochondrial DNA of the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae (Amphioxus) [published erratum appears in Mol Biol Evol 1999 Jul;16(7):1010]
Department of Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA. jboore@umich.edu
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