Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 16, 12-22, Copyright © 1999 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
EA McGraw, J Li, RK Selander and TS Whittam
Two types of pathogenic Escherichia coli, enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC)
and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), cause diarrheal disease by disrupting
the intestinal environment through the intimate attachment of the bacteria
to the intestinal epithelium. This process is mediated by intimin, an outer
membrane protein that is homologous to the invasins of pathogenic Yersinia.
The intimin (eae) gene is part of a pathogenicity island, a 35-kb segment
of DNA that has been acquired independently in different groups of
pathogens. Nucleotide sequences of eae of three EPEC and four EHEC strains
representing distinct clonal lineages revealed an exceptionally high level
of divergence (15%) in the amino acid sequences of alpha, beta, and gamma
intimin molecules, most of which is concentrated in the C-terminal region.
The gamma intimin sequences from E. coli strains with serotypes O157:H7,
O55:H7, and O157:H- are virtually identical, supporting the hypothesis that
these bacteria belong to a single clonal lineage. Sequences of beta intimin
of EPEC strains of serotypes O111:H2 and O128:H2 show substantial
differences from alpha and gamma intimins, indicating that these strains
have evolved independently. Strong nonrandom clustering of polymorphic
sites indicates that the intimin genes are mosaics, suggesting that protein
divergence has been accelerated by recombination and diversifying
selection.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Molecular evolution and mosaic structure of alpha, beta, and gamma intimins of pathogenic Escherichia coli
Institute of Molecular Evolutionary Genetics, Pennsylvania State University, USA.
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