Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 14, 1008-1022, Copyright © 1997 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
M Ekker, MA Akimenko, ML Allende, R Smith, G Drouin, RM Langille, ES Weinberg and M Westerfield
The zebrafish genome contains at least five msx homeobox genes, msxA, msxB,
msxC, msxD, and the newly isolated msxE. Although these genes share
structural features common to all Msx genes, phylogenetic analyses of
protein sequences indicate that the msx genes from zebrafish are not
orthologous to the Msx1 and Msx2 genes of mammals, birds, and amphibians.
The zebrafish msxB and msxC are more closely related to each other and to
the mouse Msx3. Similarly, although the combinatorial expression of the
zebrafish msx genes in the embryonic dorsal neuroectoderm, visceral arches,
fins, and sensory organs suggests functional similarities with the Msx
genes of other vertebrates, differences in the expression patterns preclude
precise assignment of orthological relationships. Distinct duplication
events may have given rise to the msx genes of modern fish and other
vertebrate lineages whereas many aspects of msx gene functions during
embryonic development have been preserved.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Relationships among msx gene structure and function in zebrafish and other vertebrates
Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. ekker@civich.ottawa.on.ca
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