Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 13, 178-190, Copyright © 1996 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
A Magoulas, N Tsimenides and E Zouros
Analysis of mitochondrial DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism in
European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) revealed a large number of
mitotypes that form two distinct clusters (phylads). Phylad A consists of
one common mitotype and many rare secondary mitotypes that are one
mutational step removed from the main type. Nucleotide diversity and number
of homoplasious changes are low. Phylad B has a complex pattern of mitotype
connectedness, high nucleotide diversity, and a large number of
homoplasious changes. It is suggested that the two phylads evolved in
isolation from each other and that present coexistence is the result of a
secondary contact. Moreover, phylad A has a "star" phylogeny, which
suggests that it has evolved in a population that experienced a drastic
bottleneck followed by an explosion of size. Phylad A is practically the
only phylad present in the Black Sea, with its frequency dropping to 85% in
the northern Aegean, and to 40% in the rest of Mediterranean and the Bay of
Biscay. The Black Sea is, therefore, the most likely place of origin of
phylad A. Molecular data are consistent with a population bottleneck in the
Black Sea during the last glaciation event and a subsequent exit of phylad
A with the outflow into the Aegean following the ice melting. Phylogenetic
analysis of anchovy mtDNA provides a reconstruction of population history
in the Mediterranean, which is consistent with the geological information.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Mitochondrial DNA phylogeny and the reconstruction of the population history of a species: the case of the European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus)
Institute of Marine Biology of Crete, Greece.
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