Molecular Biology and Evolution, Vol 12, 346-358, Copyright © 1995 by Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
DH Fitch, B Bugaj-Gaweda and SW Emmons
We have investigated the molecular evolution of the nucleotide sequences of
18S ribosomal RNA genes (18S rDNA) from a set of nematodes in the family
Rhabditidae (Nematoda: Secernentea). Our aim was to evaluate the usefulness
of this gene for molecular systematics of this family, as well as to
establish phylogenetic relationships within a group that has potential for
comparative studies of the relationship between development and evolution.
We determined the 18S rDNA sequences of nine species of nematodes
representing six genera within this family (Caenorhabditis briggsae, C.
vulgaris, C. remanei, Rhabditis blumi, Rhabditis sp. br, Rhabditella axei,
Pellioditis typica. Teratorhabditis palmarum, and Pelodera strongyloides
dermatitica). Using hypothetical models for secondary structure as well as
nucleotide similarity, these sequences were aligned with the 18S rDNA
sequence published by Ellis et al. for C. elegans and with the partial
sequences published by Nadler for eight ascaridoid species. We find that
18S rDNA is likely to be a useful tool to resolve relationships at the
intrafamilial level. However, 18S rDNA sequences cannot be used to resolve
relationships between taxa as closely related as the Caenorhabditis
species. Parsimony, minimum-evolution, and maximum-likelihood methods
strongly reject Andrassy's proposed phylogenetic classification based on
adult morphological characters but support that of Sudhaus as one
alternative of a few possible phylogenies. Distances between genera in this
family are about eight times as great as distances between tetrapod
classes, suggesting rapid rates of substitution, ancient divergence, or
both.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
18S ribosomal RNA gene phylogeny for some Rhabditidae related to Caenorhabditis
Department of Biology, New York University, NY 10003.
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