Table 1 Summarized Percent Frequencies of R1b, R1a, I1b* (xM26), E3b1 and J2e
Population
|
Language Family
|
N
|
R1b-M173a
|
95% CR
|
N
|
R1a-M17
|
95% CR
|
N
|
I1b* (xM26)-P37
|
95% CR
|
N
|
E3b1-M78
|
95% CR
|
N
|
J2e-M102
|
95% CR
|
|
| Slovenian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
70 |
21.0b |
(13.5–32.4) |
70 |
37.0b |
(26.8–48.9) |
55 |
20.0c |
(11.6–32.4) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Croatian (mainland) |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
108 |
15.7d |
(10.1–23.8) |
108 |
34.3d |
(26.0–43.6) |
108 |
32.4c–e |
(24.3–41.7) |
108 |
5.6d |
(2.6–11.6) |
108 |
1.0d |
(0.2–5.0) |
| Bosnian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
69 |
1.4d |
(0.3–7.7) |
69 |
24.6d |
(16.0–36.0) |
69 |
52.2d |
(40.6–63.6) |
69 |
10.1d |
(5.1–19.5) |
69 |
0d |
(0.0–4.2) |
| Herzegovinian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
141 |
3.6d |
(1.6–8.0) |
141 |
12.1d |
(7.7–18.5) |
141 |
63.8d |
(55.6–71.3) |
141 |
8.5d |
(5.0–14.3) |
141 |
0.7d |
(0.2–3.9) |
| Serbian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
113 |
10.6d |
(6.2–17.7) |
113 |
15.9d |
(10.3–23.8) |
113 |
29.2d |
(21.6–38.2) |
113 |
20.4d |
(14.0–28.7) |
113 |
5.3d |
(2.5–11.1) |
| Macedonian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
79 |
5.1d |
(0.21–12.3) |
79 |
15.2d |
(8.9–24.7) |
79 |
29.1d |
(20.3–40.0) |
79 |
24.1d |
(16.0–34.6) |
79 |
6.3d |
(2.8–14.0) |
| Macedonian (Greek) |
IE (Greek) |
20 |
10.0f |
(3.0–30.4) |
20 |
35.0f |
(18.1–57.0) |
50 |
18.0c |
(9.8–30.9) |
59 |
18.6g |
(10.8–30.4) |
— |
— |
— |
| Macedonian Romani |
IE (Indo-Iranian) |
57 |
1.8d |
(0.4–9.2) |
57 |
1.8d |
(0.4–9.2) |
57 |
3.5d |
(1.1–11.9) |
57 |
29.8d |
(19.5–42.7) |
57 |
1.8d |
(0.4–9.2) |
| Albanian (Kosovar) |
IE (Albanian) |
114 |
21.1d |
(14.6–29.4) |
114 |
4.4d |
(1.9–9.9) |
114 |
2.7d |
(1.0–7.4) |
114 |
45.6d |
(36.8–54.8) |
114 |
16.7d |
(11.0–24.6) |
| Albanian |
IE (Albanian) |
51 |
17.6f |
(9.6–30.3) |
51 |
9.8f |
(4.4–21.0) |
106 |
17.0c |
(11.0–25.3) |
63 |
27.0gh |
(17.6–39.1) |
56 |
14.3g |
(7.5–25.8) |
| Greek |
IE (Greek) |
118 |
22.8fi |
(16.2–31.3) |
118 |
8.3fi |
(4.7–14.9) |
261 |
8.4c |
(5.6–12.4) |
84 |
21.4g |
(14.0–31.4) |
92 |
6.5g |
(3.1–13.5) |
| Cypriot |
IE (Greek) |
45 |
9.0b |
(3.6–20.8) |
45 |
2.0b |
(0.5–11.5) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Bulgarian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
24 |
17.0b |
(6.8–36.1) |
34 |
14.7j |
(6.6–30.3) |
— |
— |
— |
116 |
20.7h |
(14.3–29.0) |
— |
— |
— |
| Romanian |
IE (Italic) |
45 |
18.0b |
(9.4–31.4) |
45 |
20.0b |
(10.9–33.9) |
361 |
17.7c |
(14.1–22.0) |
14 |
21.4h |
(7.8–48.1) |
— |
— |
|
| Hungarian |
Uralic (Finno-Ugric) |
45 |
13.3f |
(6.3–26.3) |
113 |
20.4k |
(14.0–28.7) |
162 |
11.1c |
(7.2–16.9) |
53 |
7.5g |
(3.1–17.9) |
49 |
0g |
(0.0–5.8) |
| Czech and Slovak |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
45 |
35.6f |
(23.2–50.2) |
45 |
26.7f |
(16.0–41.1) |
198 |
7.1c |
(4.3–11.5) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Polish |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
55 |
16.4f |
(8.9–28.3) |
55 |
56.4f |
(43.2–68.7) |
191 |
9.9c |
(6.5–15.0) |
137 |
3.6gh |
(1.6–8.3) |
97 |
1.0g |
(0.2–5.6) |
| Byelorussian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
41 |
10.0b |
(4.0–22.6) |
41 |
39.0b |
(25.6–54.4) |
147 |
15.0c |
(10.1–21.6) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Russian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
122 |
7.0b |
(14.2–44.6) |
122 |
47.0b |
(38.1–55.6) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Russian (Adygea) |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
78 |
16.7c |
(10.0–26.5) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Russian (Bashkortostan) |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
50 |
2.0c |
(0.5–10.4) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Russian (Belgorod region) |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
144 |
12.5c |
(8.1–18.9) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Russian (Cossacks) |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
97 |
15.5c |
(9.6–24.0) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Russian (Kostroma region) |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
53 |
9.4c |
(4.2–20.3) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Russian (North, Pinega) |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
127 |
3.9c |
(1.7–8.9) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Russian (Smolensk region) |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
120 |
9.1c |
(5.2–15.7) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Ukrainian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
50 |
2.0f |
(0.5–10.4) |
50 |
54.0f |
(40.3–67.1) |
585 |
16.1c |
(13.3–19.3) |
93 |
7.5g |
(3.7–14.7) |
82 |
2.4g |
(0.8–8.4) |
| Icelander |
IE (Germanic) |
181 |
41.4i |
(34.5–48.7) |
181 |
23.8i |
(18.1–30.5) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Swedish |
IE (Germanic) |
110 |
20.0i |
(13.6–28.5) |
110 |
17.3i |
(11.4–25.4) |
225 |
0c |
(0.0–1.3) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Swedish (Northern) |
IE (Germanic) |
48 |
23.0b |
(13.3–36.6) |
48 |
19.0b |
(10.2–32.0) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Saami |
Uralic (Finno-Ugric) |
127 |
3.9k |
(1.7–8.9) |
127 |
11.0k |
(6.7–17.7) |
35 |
0c |
(0.0–8.0) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Finnish |
Uralic (Finno-Ugric) |
57 |
2.0b |
(0.4–9.2) |
57 |
10.0b |
(2.9–16.7) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Norwegian |
IE (Germanic) |
112 |
25.9i |
(18.7–34.7) |
112 |
17.9i |
(11.9–26.0) |
72 |
0c |
(0.0–4.0) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Danish |
IE (Germanic) |
12 |
41.7i |
(19.2–68.4) |
12 |
16.7i |
(5.0–45.4) |
— |
— |
— |
35 |
2.9h |
(0.7–14.5) |
— |
— |
— |
| Lithuanian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
38 |
5.0b |
(1.6–17.3) |
38 |
34.0b |
(21.2–50.2) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Latvian |
IE (Balto-Slavic) |
34 |
15.0b |
(6.6–30.3) |
34 |
41.0b |
(26.3–57.9) |
86 |
1.2c |
(0.3–6.2) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Estonian |
Uralic (Finno-Ugric) |
207 |
9.0b |
(6.0–13.9) |
74 |
36.5j |
(26.4–47.9) |
210 |
2.9c |
(1.3–6.1) |
74 |
4.1h |
(1.5–11.2) |
— |
— |
— |
| Moldavian |
IE (Italic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
60 |
21.7c |
(13.2–33.7) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Moldovan (Erzya) |
Uralic (Finno-Ugric) |
— |
— |
— |
46 |
39.1j |
(26.4–53.6) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Moldovan (Moksi) |
Uralic (Finno-Ugric) |
— |
— |
— |
46 |
21.7j |
(12.3–35.7) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Moldovan (Gagauz) |
Altaic (Turkic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
79 |
24.1c |
(16.0–34.6) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Georgian |
Caucasian (S. Caucasian) |
63 |
14.3f |
(7.8–25.0) |
63 |
7.9f |
(3.5–17.3) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Ossetian |
IE (Indo-Iranian) |
47 |
43.0b |
(29.5–56.8) |
47 |
2.0b |
(1.3–14.3) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Armenian |
IE (Armenian) |
49 |
25.0b |
(14.6–38.2) |
89 |
6.0b |
(3.2–13.9) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| British |
IE (Germanic) |
32 |
68.8i |
(51.3–82.0) |
32 |
9.4i |
(3.4–24.3) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| English (Central) |
IE (Germanic) |
215 |
61.9l |
(55.2–68.1) |
215 |
3.3l |
(1.6–6.6) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Welsh |
IE (Celtic) |
88 |
89.0m |
(80.3–93.7) |
88 |
1.0m |
(0.3–6.1) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Orcandin |
IE (Celtic) |
71 |
66.0m |
(54.6–76.1) |
71 |
19.7m |
(12.2–30.5) |
— |
— |
— |
7 |
0h |
(0.0–31.2) |
— |
— |
— |
| Scottish |
IE (Celtic) |
61 |
77.1i |
(65.0–85.8) |
61 |
6.6i |
(2.7–15.7) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Irish |
IE (Celtic) |
222 |
81.5i |
(75.9–86.1) |
222 |
0.5i |
(0.1–2.5) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Frisian |
IE (Germanic) |
94 |
56.0m |
(46.3–66.0) |
94 |
7.4m |
(3.7–14.6) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| German |
IE (Germanic) |
48 |
47.9fi |
(34.4–61.7) |
48 |
8.1fi |
(3.4–19.6) |
16 |
0c |
(0.0–16.2) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Dutch |
IE (Germanic) |
27 |
70.4f |
(51.3–84.1) |
27 |
3.7f |
(0.9–18.3) |
30 |
0c |
(0.0–9.2) |
— |
— |
— |
34 |
0g |
(0.0–8.2) |
| Belgian |
IE (Germanic) |
92 |
63.0b |
(52.8–72.2) |
92 |
4.0b |
(1.9–10.6) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| French |
IE (Italic) |
23 |
52.2f |
(32.8–70.9) |
23 |
0f |
(0.0–11.7) |
179 |
0c |
(0.0–1.7) |
85 |
4.7h |
(1.9–11.5) |
— |
— |
— |
| Bearnais |
IE (Italic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
26 |
0c |
(0.0–10.5) |
43 |
4.6gh |
(0.9–18.3) |
26 |
3.8g |
(0.9–19.0) |
| Swiss |
IE (German/Italic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
144 |
0c |
(0.0–2.0) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Italian |
IE (Italic) |
— |
— |
— |
332 |
2.7i |
(1.4–5.1) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Italian (Calabria) |
IE (Italic) |
37 |
32.4f |
(19.6–48.7) |
— |
— |
— |
148 |
0.7c |
(0.2–3.7) |
80 |
16.3g |
(9.8–25.9) |
57 |
1.8g |
(0.4–9.2) |
| Italian (Apulia) |
IE (Italic) |
|
|
|
— |
— |
— |
78 |
1.3c |
(0.3–6.9) |
86 |
11.6g |
(6.5–20.1) |
86 |
3.5g |
(1.3–9.7) |
| Italian (Sardinia) |
IE (Italic) |
77 |
22.1f |
(14.3–32.6) |
— |
— |
— |
142 |
0c |
(0.0–2.1) |
506 |
3.4gh |
(2.1–5.3) |
144 |
2.1g |
(0.8–5.9) |
| Italian (North-central) |
IE (Italic) |
50 |
62.0f |
(47.9–73.5) |
— |
— |
— |
390 |
0.5c |
(0.2–1.8) |
212 |
10.4gh |
(7.0–15.2) |
52 |
9.6g |
(4.3–20.7) |
| Italian (South) |
IE (Italic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
87 |
11.5h |
(6.4–19.9) |
|
|
|
| Italian (Siciliy) |
IE (Italic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
191 |
13.6gh |
(9.5–19.2) |
42 |
0g |
(0.0–6.7) |
| Spanish |
IE (Italic) |
126 |
68.0b |
(60.5–76.5) |
126 |
2.0b |
(0.5–5.6) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Catalan |
IE (Italic) |
24 |
79.2f |
(59.3–90.6) |
— |
— |
— |
32 |
0c |
(0.0–8.7) |
33 |
3.0g |
(0.7–15.3) |
28 |
0g |
(0.0–9.8) |
| Andalusian |
IE (Italic) |
29 |
65.5f |
(47.2–80.1) |
29 |
0f |
(0.0–9.5) |
103 |
0c |
(0.0–2.8) |
113 |
3.5g |
(1.4–8.7) |
93 |
1.1g |
(0.3–5.8) |
| Basque (French, Spanish) |
Basque (Basque) |
67 |
88.1f |
(78.1–93.8) |
26 |
0b |
(0.0–10.5) |
100 |
0c |
(0.0–2.9) |
— |
— |
— |
92 |
0 |
(0.0–3.2) |
| Portuguese |
IE (Italic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
303 |
0.7c |
(0.2–2.4) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Portuguese (South) |
IE (Italic) |
57 |
56.0b |
(43.2–68.3) |
57 |
2.0b |
(0.4–9.2) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Portuguese (North) |
IE (Italic) |
328 |
62.0b |
(56.5–67.0) |
328 |
0b |
(0.0–0.9) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Turkish |
Altaic (Turkic) |
523 |
16.3n |
(13.3–19.7) |
523 |
6.9n |
(5.2–9.6) |
741 |
2.3c |
(1.4–3.6) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
| Anatolian (Central) |
Altaic (Turkic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
61 |
6.6h |
(2.7–15.7) |
— |
— |
— |
| Turkish (Istanbul) |
Altaic (Turkic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
81 |
8.6gh |
(4.3–16.8) |
73 |
0g |
(0.0–4.0) |
| Turkish (Konya) |
Altaic (Turkic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
117 |
12.8g |
(8.0–20.1) |
129 |
0.8g |
(0.2–4.2) |
| Turkish (Cypriot) |
Altaic (Turkic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
46 |
13.0h |
(6.2–25.7) |
— |
— |
— |
| Turkish (Southeastern) |
Altaic (Turkic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
24 |
4.2h |
(1.0–20.4) |
— |
— |
— |
| Turkish (Erzurum) |
Altaic (Turkic) |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
— |
25 |
4.0h |
(0.9–19.6) |
— |
— |
— |
| Algerian |
Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) |
35 |
0o |
(0.0–8.0) |
35 |
0o |
(0.0–8.0) |
35 |
0o |
(0.0–8.0) |
32 |
6.3g |
(1.9–20.2) |
55 |
0go |
(0.0–5.2) |
| Tunisian |
Afro-Asiatic (Semitic) |
148 |
6.7o |
(3.7–12.0) |
148 |
0o |
(0.0–2.0) |
148 |
0o |
(0.0–2.0) |
58 |
15.5g |
(8.4–27.0) |
73 |
1.4g |
(0.3–7.3) |
Moroccan
|
Afro-Asiatic (Semitic)
|
44
|
6.8o
|
(2.5–18.3)
|
44
|
0o
|
(0.0–6.4)
|
44
|
0o
|
(0.0–6.4)
|
93
|
27.9g
|
(19.9–37.8)
|
44
|
0o
|
(0.0–6.4)
|
|
NOTE.—IE = Indo-European.
a R1b haplogroup is defined by M173 (xSRY-1532); data from Rosser et al. (2000), Helgason et al. (2000), Weale et al. (2002), and Wilson et al. (2001) are deducted based on the last typed marker 92R7 (xSRY-1532).
b Rosser et al. (2000).
c Rootsi et al. (2004).
d This study.
e Bara
et al. (2003).
f Semino et al. (2000).
g Semino et al. (2004).
h Cruciani et al. (2004).
i Helgason et al. (2000).
j Malaspina et al. (2003).
k Tambets et al. (2004).
l Weale et al. (2002).
m Wilson et al. (2001).
n Cinnio
lu et al. (2004)
o Arredi et al. (2004).
