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Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:968-971 (2002)
© 2002 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

Orphan Worm Finds a Home: Buddenbrockia is a Myxozoan

Ana Sara Monteiro, Beth Okamura and Peter W. H. Holland1

School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, The University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, UK

The strange wormlike Buddenbrockia plumatellae and the spore-forming myxozoans are among the most enigmatic animals known to science. Dumortier and van Beneden (1850)Citation first noted worm-shaped parasites inside freshwater bryozoan colonies; these animals were later described by Schröder (1910,Citation 1912)Citation and named B. plumatellae (fig. 1 ). This species is almost unique in never having been confidently assigned to an animal phylum, nor has a monotypic phylum been erected for it. Indeed, Nielsen (1995, p. 437)Citation lists Buddenbrockia as one of the last "five enigmatic taxa." The vermiform shape and the presence of four longitudinal muscle blocks clearly suggest a placement within the Bilateria, perhaps related to nematodes, although it should be noted that Buddenbrockia has neither a gut nor a clear central nervous system.


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  		Fig. 1.—A living Buddenbrockia worm exiting from a zooid of the freshwater bryozoan Plumatella fungosa. Photograph courtesy of Sylvie . . . [Full Text of this Article]

 
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