Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:341-346 (2002)
© 2002 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
How Many Wolbachia Supergroups Exist?
*Dipartimento di Patologia Animale, Igiene e Sanità Pubblica Veterinaria, Sezione di Patologia Generale e Parassitologia, Università di Milano, Italy;
National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Japan
Obligate intracellular bacteria of the genus Wolbachia (Class Alphaproteobacteria, Order Rickettsiales) are currently divided into four taxonomic supergroups on the basis of clustering patterns in ftsZ-based phylogenetic trees (Werren, Zhang, and Guo 1995
; Bandi et al. 1998
). Supergroups A and B are found only in arthropods, whereas C and D are found only in filarial nematodes. The term supergroup has recently been employed to avoid confusion with designation of more closely related groups based on wsp sequences (Zhou, Rousset, and O'Neill 1998
). Wolbachia have generated substantial interest in recent years (Zimmer 2001), primarily because of the effects they have on their arthropod hosts, which include induction of cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), parthenogenesis, feminization, and male-killing (reviewed in Stouthammer, Breeuwer, and Hurst 1999
). Estimation of the phylogenetic relationships within each supergroup has provided useful information about the evolution and biology of these bacteria. The phylogenies of both
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