Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:1812-1815 (2002)
© 2002 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Episodic Positive Selection in Ape Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit IV

*Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics
Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine
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Periods of elevated rates of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions for electron transport chain (ETC) genes have occurred during the evolution of anthropoid primates (New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, apes, and humans) (Grossman et al. 2001
). Given the vital role the ETC genes play in energy metabolism, and the coadaptive evolution apparently undergone by the holoenzymes of cytochrome bc1 (Complex III) and cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV) in anthropoid primates (Andrews and Easteal 2000
; Grossman et al. 2001
; Schmidt et al. 2001
), it is likely that positive selection rather than reduction of functional constraints is the cause of the elevated nonsynonymous substitution rates. ETC genes that have been identified as having undergone periods of positive selection in anthropoid primates are cytochromes b and c (CYB, CYC) and the Complex IV genes COX1, COX2, cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV ubiquitous isoform (COX4-1),1
and COX7AH
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