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Molecular Biology and Evolution 19:1792-1796 (2002)
© 2002 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution

The Origin of Multiple Sex Chromosomes in Tiger Beetles

Jose Galián*, James E. Hogan{dagger} and Alfried P. Vogler{ddagger}

*Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Spain;
{dagger}Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum, London;
{ddagger}Department of Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, U.K

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In most holometabolous insects, sex determination involves differentiated sex chromosomes of the XY type (ZW, with heterogametic females in Lepidoptera). In Coleoptera (beetles) a general karyotype with meioformula 2n = 9 + XY is prevalent in the approximately 3,000 species studied to date (Smith and Virkki 1978Citation ; Petitpierre 1996Citation ), but the genetic system of Cicindelidae (tiger beetles) is unusually diverse, with many species exhibiting multiple sex chromosomes, XnY, where n varies between 2 and 4. During meiosis these heterosomes form a characteristic rosette-like multivalent linked by telomeric connections without forming chiasmata between the various X chromosomes (Giers 1977Citation ). The multiple sex chromosome system is widespread in cicindelids and is found in both the recognized subfamilies, including the Cicindelinae with a multiple system, which has been described for 55 species mostly in the species rich genus Cicindela (sensu lato), and the Collyrinae with three representatives studied . . . [Full Text of this Article]

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