Molecular Biology and Evolution 18:1970-1975 (2001)
© 2001 Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution
Chaperonin 60 Phylogeny Provides Further Evidence for Secondary Loss of Mitochondria Among Putative Early-Branching Eukaryotes
Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, England
Many microbial eukaryotes lack functional mitochondria required for oxidative phosphorylation and instead gain their energy from anaerobic metabolism. Some of these eukaryotes, such as anaerobic ciliates and fungi, have aerobic sister groups with mitochondria and thus are clearly secondary anaerobes (Dore and Stahl 1991
; Embley et al. 1995
). Other amitochondriate anaerobes, including diplomonads (e.g., Giardia and Spironucleus), microsporidians (e.g., Vairimorpha), parabasalids (e.g., Trichomonas), and pelobionts (e.g., Entamoeba), for which aerobic sister groups have been less readily apparent, were presumed to be representative of the most primitive nucleated cells and to have diverged from other eukaryotes prior to the mitochondrion endosymbiosis (Cavalier-Smith 1983
). These lineages were known as Archezoa (Cavalier-Smith 1983
) and became the focus of molecular enquiries into the origins and early diversification of eukaryotes. However, one result of these studies was that the Archezoa hypothesis was rejected on a case-by-case basis,
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